Rome And Rome Colosseum, Circus Maximus, And Hippodromes

History always finds its way to help shape our future. As an athlete looking back into the Greek and Roman facilities and how they were structured it can be breath taking and offer a wealth of knowledge. Some of the greatest facilities still stand today and others are being built. Some of the most famous facilities being in Greece and Rome: Colosseum, Circus Maximus, and Hippodromes. The Colosseum is one of the greatest buildings ever built. It was built around A.D. 70-72 by Emperor Vespasian (Colosseum). In A.D. 80 the Colosseum was opened up for games (Colosseum). Some of the games being played were gladiatorial combats and wild animal fights (Colosseum). After going strong for four centuries about 2/3 of the Colosseum fell down (Colosseum). Yet, not much remains the Amphitheater still is a symbol for Rome and a very popular place for tourist (Colosseum). At one point the Circus Maximus was one of the largest facilities in Rome (Circus Maximus). Many people would go here for entertainment. They were most commonly known for chariot races. â€Å"At one point the Circus Maximus could seat 250,000 people, one quarter of Rome’s population† (Circus Maximus). The early history of the Circus Maximus goes back to the sixth century (Circus Maximus). The fifth king of Rime, Tarquinius Prscus, created a track between the Palatine and Aventine hills (Circus Maximus). â€Å" In 174 BC the gates were rebuilt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Circus Maximus). There was a lot of rebuilding that had to be done because of a fire

Hauntington Disease Free Essays

Huntington disease Name Institute Huntington Disease Introduction Shortage of information about Huntington disease (HD) and its non-clinical management inveigled me into a quest for journal articles about this comparatively rare illness. Having pored over scores of Journal of Clinical Nursing Issues, I stumbled across the article entitled â€Å"Exploring supportive care for individuals affected by Huntington disease and their family caregivers in a community setting†. It immediately arrested my attention, as it touched upon the possible implications of HD for the affected persons, their family members (including those, who could inherit the illness genetically) and caregivers. We will write a custom essay sample on Hauntington Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now This article is a collaborative work of the three authors from the University of Plymouth, namely Beverley Soltysiak, Penny Gardiner and Heather Skirton. It was published first on 10 July, 2008. Summary of the article According to McDonald (2003), Huntington disease, formerly known as Huntington’s chorea, is a chronic neurodegenerative condition caused by a genetic mutation in the Huntingtin gene, situated on chromosome 4†. The article traverses implications and supportive care approaches to the individuals, who suffer from Huntington disease. Authors argue that different approaches should be applied to various age categories of the affected. The difference in symptoms may be subtle at first glance, but younger individuals, affected by the long-term conditions, find facilities for their senior counterparts unsuitable. Important role in this regard belongs to the psychological aspects of the disease. People struck by HD tend to lead sedentary and recluse life. Huntington disease affects badly humans’ perception and cognition, renders their speech unintelligible, and makes them helpless to some extent in general. The far-reaching implications include unsteady gait and severe depressions, which sometimes result in strangers mistaking persons with HD for inebriates or drug abusers. It takes protracted periods of time and frenzied efforts of caregivers to jolt people ffected by Huntington disease out of the so-called â€Å"public alienation†. Authors argue that Huntington disease is debilitating in terms of its impact on the person’s physical condition, but they conclude that it is devouring person’s psychological strength even more eagerly. Sporadic outdoors activities lead to the development of the trait of standoffishness, which, in its turn, hinders the process of treatm ent. This illness is incurable, while affected people usually live no more than 30 years after the emergence of the first symptoms. However, multifarious therapies and techniques aimed at helping patients to cope with the disease are employed (physiotherapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy). A multidisciplinary approach is utilized to make sure that complex care needs are met. Research focuses in part on interviewing the afflicted people in order to understand better how to help them to deal with the problems they face every day (anxiety disorders, animosity, petulance, apathy, and obsession). Depending on their willingness to cooperate, separate persons were interviewed individually or in groups. It was found that participants with cognitive deficits or/and psychic disorders did not feel comfortable to communicate with impaired colleagues in groups, and consequently opted for individual interview or shunned it at all. The same specialists facilitated both group and individual interviews. â€Å"Data analysis was undertaken using inductive coding technique† (Miles Huberman, 1994). Interviewers point out that it was a daunting task for them to conduct the research, because cognitive problems of people with Huntington disease barred interviewers from following their train of thought. The heed was paid to the participants’ standpoint on the following themes: 1) Deciding whether to have genetic test; 2) Being given the lethal diagnosis; 3) Disclosure of information about the participant’s being diagnosed with HD; 4) Entering into serious relationship and having a child; 5) Making decisions about how to let children know of the genetic mutation; 6) Observing a family member suffer and wither from HD. Following the diagnosis of one individual, other family members are haunted by or preoccupied with the fear of having genetic mutation. Some people prefer being oblivious to this possibility, while others, prompted by the desire to obtain confidence in future, eagerly agree to undergo a genetic test. In any event, propitious outcome of a genetic test has not proved to be a precondition for sunny disposition. It failed to provide them with a necessary degree of certainty, as those, who turned out to be healthy, started to monitor themselves vigilantly for the possible appearance of symptoms. Evaluation This article provides a comprehensive study of the implications of HD and the means to address the challenges that these implications entail. The main emphasis is placed on those with HD; though, a good amount of attention is also paid to their family members, who are prone to inherit the genetic mutation, and caregivers. Bearing in mind brevity of this research and overall paucity of research into non-clinical management of HD, it would not be wise to grumble about certain details that authors failed to examine. However, I see it fit to note that more approaches of incorporating the afflicted people into the social milieu should have been developed, or at least, more thorough analysis of those listed should have been provided. In terms of interest, I would give this article eight points out of ten. On the plus side, it is laced with excerpts from the interviews, which enable the readers to take a closer look at the problem. Moreover, authors managed to construe the material without abusing the buzzwords. This makes the article flow easily and renders it readable to a broad audience. Given the scarcity of knowledge about this area of health assessment, there are no slightest doubts that further research into this area should be carried out. Many gaps still are due to be filled. Some of the possible directions of research were mentioned above. The information highlighted in this article would be of an utmost importance to the family members of people with HD and those, who take care of these people. Hospital staff could also defer to some advice put forward by Soltysiak et al. This article constitutes a precious groundwork for the researchers, who are interested in this particular area. Conclusion People affected by Huntington disease have to address a series of challenges in everyday life. It should be noted that neither these very people, nor their relatives, lead ordinary life after a family member has een diagnosed with HD. Huntington disease seriously undermines person’s physical and psychological well-being, with psychological effects having far greater scopes. Reluctance of the affected persons to engage in social activities exacerbated by their distorted vision of the world hampers the process of treatment. There is no efficient treatment at all; though, a number of therapies were developed to extenuate the implications. The problem is that at the same time as people with HD need outdoors activities to muster stamina, they also need to muster stamina to go outdoors. By and large, individuals prone to HD feel frustrated at the lack of information about HD held by health professors. References MacDonald, M. E. , Gines, S. , Gusella, J. F. Wheeler, V. C. (2003). Huntington’s disease. Neuromolecular Medicine, 4. Miles, M. , Huberman, A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis – an expanded sourcebook. (2nded. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Soltysiak, B. , Gardiner, P. , Skirton, H. (2008). Exploring supportive care for individuals affected by Huntington disease and their family caregivers in a community setting. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 7b, 226-234. How to cite Hauntington Disease, Essay examples

Following Laws versus Rules Interpret Ethical Issues with Subprime Lo

Question: Describe about the Following Laws versus Rules for Interpret Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans? Answer: Interpret Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans Summary of the concept of subprime loans and the risk of subprime loans to the lenders and borrowers:- The subprime loan is a type of very low or no down payment loan which has an option of second loans that act as the down payment for the first loan and eliminate the necessity of cash down payment of monthly premium for PMI (Private Mortgage Insurance).The households or peoples with less than moderate incomes, having imperfect credit records and very limited wealth to access the housing loans to refinance the existing home or buy a new one are the greatly benefitted from this Private Mortgage Insurance or PMI Scheme(OCC, 1999). This type of loan results in a boom in the housing sector as this includes the opportunity to access easily the loans, which leads to a decrease in the interest rate and a rise in the income. According to the marketing data, there was a spread of this housing bubble outside the housing sector, which caused a slowdown in the economic progress. The economy is still suffering from this recession due to the high unemployment rate and weak economic recovery (Utt, 2 008). Having a poor past credit history, serious credit problem, income of the state, high doubt to income ratio, the subprime loan borrowers are considered as a person and it is not possible for him to documented all the underwriting information in the applications and always go for the high LTV or, loan to value mortgage. Because of the high-interest rate, there is a risk to the borrowers for defaulting during the ongoing situation. Foreclosure on their home is considered as the second risk. It was found that the price of the house owned by an individual or a borrower is lower than the down payments of his/her borrowings. Therefore, they keep the distance from that houses, which they cannot purchased and let the lender foreclosures on the assets. Having the higher delinquency rates compared to the standard prime mortgage is considered as having risks of sub-prime loans to the lenders (OCC bulletin 99-10 (1999), 1999). The lenders also have the higher loss rate risks besides, the higher d elinquency rates. As the lenders cannot manage the loss, they may leave the business because of the combined effects of high delinquency rates and loss rates (Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans, 2014). The role of leadership decision-making in the subprime loan during the financial crisis:- On subprime loans, the majority of the home mortgage loan defaults is dependent with a high-interest rate loan to the buyers of home and this type of risk is higher than the average credit risk. To extend the number of home ownership for the Americans, the federal government had encouraged the bank to make sub-prime loans. The banks are the biggest indirect investors in the subprime loans. The money that had been lent by the banks from the investment companies is used to purchase a large number of Mortgages from the mortgage lenders (Turano, 2006). It becomes difficult for many investment funds to repay the loans that he had taken out from the banks. Hence, a declaration about the uncoverable loans should be made by the banks. However, this process will lead to a declining in reserves and generate the new loans. As both the businesses and consumers depend on the loans to finance the investment expenditures, the introduction of subprime loans will threaten the economy. Because of this poorly structured subprime-lending program, there are major losses and other problematic issues faced by most of the institutions of U.S.A. The higher default race and the loss-on default rates involving with the subprime lending and high overhead costs are underestimated by the institutions which frequently lacked the business planning process, management expertise and risk management processes which are very necessary to eliminate the risks associated with the subprime loans in a safe and sound manner. Hence, in financial institutions, leadership play a very critical role, as their decision-making will affect the other institutions or other individuals. A leader of the financial institution must have the quality of integrity, accountability and the responsibility (Thiel, 2012). If a leader ignores these duties, then there will arise a big problem for the institution. This similar case happened in the case of the sub-prime loan. Despite the ethics in leadership is to focus on moving forward, the financial and corporate misconduct amidst in the subprime lending that have left few wonderings ('The Ethical Challenges of Subprime Loans', 2015). With the notion of social responsibility evaluating the effect of subprime loans:- In 1995, the total subprime loans were only $18.5 billion whereas after ten years in 2005 it was increased to 507.9 billion. Hence, between the decades of 1995-2005 the economy faced a huge increase of subprime loans i.e. 489.4 billion U.S. dollar. However, there was a burst of the housing bubble in the housing market since the year 2005, which resulted in an increase in the interest rate. Hence, there were foreclosures of purchased houses through the rising sub-prime loans, which indicated that there would be the continuous rise in foreclosure. This led to damage in the housing market, which has a spill over affect the overall economy and results in recession in the economy (Bryson, Bryson, Bryson, Bryson profile, 2015). To promote the home ownership, there are some goals of American policies. The U.S. government has set up different financial institutions to make the purchasing process of home easier, quick and also convenient to provide the home to every citizen. This is a kind of social responsibility of U.S. government on the low-income group families and the minority group of the society. To protect this social responsibility, in 1938, the Federal Nation Mortgage Association, FNMA, or Fannie Mae was set up by the U.S. government with the primary goal to provide a secondary market for home mortgages. That is if there is a need for funds after granting the mortgage to the borrowers, the mortgage can be easily sold by the banks to the borrowers and later if there will a need for funds for the banks, the mortgage can be easily sold to the FNMA by the banks. The lending institutions that have the access to the secondary mortgage market of FNMA had to abide by the rules of FNMA. The U.S. government fo cused on creating another institution to compete with FNMA in the secondary mortgage market, after its privatisation. The Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation or FHLMC or Freddie Mae was created by U.S. government in 1970 to expand the secondary mortgage market (Hagerty, 2008). The consumers or the borrowers cannot get direct loans from both the institutions FNMA and FHLMC. The main aim of these two institutions is to increase the number of low-income families and the number of a minority to own their home (Myassignmenthelp.com, 2015). Since the time to assure that this will not happen again, what measure should be taken? During the period of 2007-2008, when the U.S. economy faced a financial crisis, an overall measure was taken by the government to tackle the problem, as it was known to the problem that what was the problem and how to prevent it that it will not happen again. In the year 2007, there was a threat for the mortgage lenders as well as for the all financial institutions due to the highest defaults on the home mortgage loan. Several steps was taken by the government to provide the limited relief to eliminate foreclosures regarding the problems of sub-prime loans and to adjust and refinance the payments to stay current on their payments and to keep their homes the government will allow those steps with great credit opportunities. To strengthen the lending rules to prevent loans to being issued by people who are unable to pay the monthly payments and to offset the incentives generated by the mortgage-backed securities. To help the homeowners who are not able to repay some mortgage loans different legislations have been passed by U.S. government. In 2010, U.S. Congress has passed and signed the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to send a new message to the executives of large financial corporation, the bondholders and the stake holders that if they allow their corporation again into the serious financial trouble, they will suffer from the extremely high and unavoidable financial losses (Board o f Governors, 2012). References Bryson, D., Bryson, D., Bryson, D., Bryson, D., profile, V. (2015).Following Laws versus Rules: Interpret Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans.Followingrulesvslaws-suprimemortgage.blogspot.in. Retrieved 2 August 2015, from https://followingrulesvslaws-suprimemortgage.blogspot.in/ Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans,. (2014).Ethical Issues with Subprime Loans. Retrieved 2 August 2015, from https://savdrew.wordpress.com/ Hagerty, J.R., H. (2008). Hagerty, J.R. (2008). Fannie, Freddie Mae shares suffer hit as mortgage default fear mount. The Wall Street Journal, March 11, 2008. Myassignmenthelp.com,. (2015).ethical issues and obligations,develop a blog aimed at allowing participants to. Retrieved 2 August 2015, from https://myassignmenthelp.com/answers/humanities/ethical-issues-and-obligations-develop-a-blog-aimed-at-allowing-participants-to-interpret-ethical-issues-surrounding-subprime-loans-be-sure-.html OCC bulletin 99-10 (1999), O. (1999). OCC bulletin 99-10 (1999). Interagency Guidance on Subprime Lending. The Ethical Challenges of Subprime Loans. (2015). Retrieved 2 August 2015, from https://baileypr.weebly.com/1/post/2013/12/the-ethical-challenge-of-subprime-loans.html Thiel, C., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J., Mumford, M. (2012)., T. (2012). Thiel, C., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J., Mumford, M. (2012). Leader Ethical Decision-Making in Organization: Strategies for Sensemaking. Journal Business Ethics. (2012) 107:49-64 DOI 10.1007/s10551-012-1299-1. Turano, E. (2006), T. (2006). Turano, E. (2006). Subprime mortgage lending: recognizing its potential and managing its risks. Housing Finance International, September 2006. US Board of Governors, U. (2012). Board of Governors. 2012. The U.S. Housing Market: Current Conditions and Policy Considerations Whitepaper, January 4. Utt, R. D. (2008), U. (2008). Utt, R. D. (2008) The subprime mortgage market collapse: A primer on the caused and possible solutions. The Heritage Foundation Leadership for America, April 22, 2008. Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/research/report/2008/04/the subprime mortgage market.